Spinal Fusion Surgery

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure to join two or more vertebrae in the spine to create a solid, stable structure which does not move.

Why is a fusion done?

A fusion may be required when a disc has worn out or the spinal bones are not in normal alignment. This is commonly due to ageing and degeneration, similar to the way hips and knees wear out over time. Sometimes trauma or previous surgery can also contribute. These spinal disorders are usually diagnosed on MRI or CT scans and may cause back or neck pain, arm or leg pain and weakness, numbness or bladder and bowel problems. The symptoms are caused by pressure on spinal nerves or the spinal cord, or abnormal movement or alignment of the bones (instability or scoliosis).

A fusion is used to correct the alignment of the vertebra, remove the damaged disc and take pressure off the nerves and spinal card when required. During spinal fusion surgery, the surgeon eliminates motion between the affected bones to alleviate pain and prevent further deterioration. After the surgery, bone graft placed during the surgery gradually “fuses” with the vertebrae overtime, creating a solid bone mass (or bony fusion). Bony fusion is similar to the healing of a fracture and takes 6 to 12 months to achieve maximum strength. Sometimes screws are placed into the vertebra to give extra stability until the bone fusion has healed naturally. A brace may be needed for a few weeks.

Spinal fusion surgery, like any surgical procedure, carries risks and potential complications, including infection, bleeding, blood clots, nerve injury, spinal fluid leakage, non-union (failure of fusion), adjacent segment degeneration or complications related to anaesthesia. It is important to have a thorough discussion with a spine specialist to understand the benefits, risks, and potential alternatives specific to your condition before considering spinal fusion surgery.

It is important to work closely with your healthcare team to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that is tailored to your individual needs and goals. The team will be able to provide you with more detailed information about your specific situation and help you understand what to expect.